Breaking Into Science Policy: A Career Guide for Johns Hopkins PhDs and Postdocs
In early 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, a handful of scientists-turned-policy-experts advised Congress on funding vaccine development, shaped emergency health measures, and briefed the White House on epidemiological trends. These professionals—many of them PhD-trained researchers—were not in laboratories but in government offices, ensuring that science informed high-stakes decision-making. The need for science-trained policymakers has never been greater. But how does a scientist transition from the bench to the halls of power?
For many PhD students and postdocs, science policy offers a rewarding career path that complements the depth of training acquired in academia. Whether through government agencies, nonprofits, or think tanks, science policy professionals bridge the gap between research and decision-making.
Ian Simon, a policy professional with a PhD in molecular biology, reflected on his transition: “I realized I found more joy in impacting thousands of graduate students through policy initiatives than in moving tiny amounts of liquid between test tubes.” His experience mirrors that of many PhD holders who explore science policy as an avenue for broader societal impact.
This guide explores career paths, essential skills, challenges, and actionable steps to help PhD students and postdocs at Johns Hopkins University successfully transition into science policy.
What Does a Career in Science Policy Look Like?
Science policy careers typically focus on either using scientific research to inform public policies (science for policy) or shaping policies that govern scientific research and funding (policy for science). These roles exist across a range of organizations, including government agencies, legislative offices, nonprofits, think tanks, and corporate government relations departments.
Science policy professionals work in diverse settings:
- Government – Agencies such as the NIH, NSF, EPA, and FDA employ scientific advisors and policy analysts.
- Legislative Committees – Congressional staffers with science backgrounds help shape science-related legislation.
- Nonprofits and Professional Societies – Organizations like AAAS and Research!America advocate for science-informed policies.
- Think Tanks – Analysts at institutions such as the Brookings Institution and the RAND Corporation conduct policy research.
- Corporate and Industry Roles – Pharmaceutical and technology firms employ policy specialists to navigate regulatory landscapes.
Alexis, a former neuroscientist who transitioned into policy, described her journey: “I fell backwards into science policy—it wasn’t even something I knew existed when I started my PhD. But once I saw how research could influence decision-making at a national level, I knew this was where I wanted to be.”
Leah Karns, a Johns Hopkins alum and former AAAS fellow in the U.S. House of Representatives, reinforced this perspective, explaining, “When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, I had the opportunity to advise congressional staff on public health responses in real time. It was an incredible moment—translating scientific evidence into policy decisions that directly affected people’s lives.”
How Can I Transition Into Science Policy?
Many professionals enter science policy through fellowships, networking, and extracurricular involvement. The AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowship (STPF), the Christine Mirzayan Fellowship, and the Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) are among the most common pathways. Nonprofit organizations, think tanks, and corporate government affairs departments also offer entry points.
The AAAS STPF program, has played a pivotal role in shaping careers in science policy by embedding fellows in all three branches of the U.S. government—executive, legislative, and judicial. Jessica Sou, Director of Recruitment Marketing and Alumni Engagement at AAAS, explained, “The STPF program was created to bridge the gap between science and policy, ensuring that scientific expertise informs decision-making at the federal level.”
Dr. Calais Prince, a former AAAS fellow at the Department of Defense, reflected on her experience: “Coming from a background in cell biology and health disparities, I wanted to see how science influenced military health policies. The pace in government is vastly different from academia—you have to make decisions without perfect data.”
At Johns Hopkins, students can gain exposure to science policy through:
- The Johns Hopkins Science Policy Group, which provides policy workshops, speaker events, and advocacy opportunities.
- The Hopkins Biotech Network for exploring industry and policy intersections.
- The Bloomberg School of Public Health Policy Institute for coursework and research on science policy.
“I fell backwards into science policy—it wasn’t even something I knew existed when I started my PhD. But once I saw how research could influence decision-making at a national level, I knew this was where I wanted to be.”
Essential Skills for a Science Policy Career
Success in science policy requires a blend of scientific expertise and policy acumen. Key competencies include:
- Communication and Writing – Translating complex scientific concepts into accessible language for policymakers, stakeholders, and the public.
- Problem-Solving and Strategic Thinking – Understanding policy challenges holistically and anticipating long-term consequences.
- Networking and Relationship-Building – Developing connections with policymakers, advocacy groups, and stakeholders.
- Adaptability and Quick Learning – Grasping new technical topics and responding to rapidly changing policy landscapes.
Calais emphasized, “Good and on time is better than great and late.” This principle, she noted, differs significantly from the perfectionism expected in academic research but is crucial in fast-paced policy work.
Career Trajectories in Science Policy
Science policy careers evolve in multiple directions. Professionals may start as fellows or analysts and later advance to leadership roles in government, nonprofit advocacy, consulting, or academia.
Common career progressions include:
- Policy Fellow → Policy Analyst → Director of Policy (Government and Nonprofit)
- Science Advisor → Chief Science Officer (Industry and Corporate)
- Legislative Staff → Congressional Committee Director (Legislative Offices)
- Think Tank Analyst → Research Director → Policy Strategist
Final Thoughts: The Science Policy Roadmap at JHU
Science policy is an impactful career path for PhDs who want to shape research funding, regulation, and public understanding of science. Success in this field requires not only expertise but also communication skills, strategic thinking, and the ability to engage diverse stakeholders.
Johns Hopkins University offers multiple avenues for aspiring science policy professionals to gain experience and build connections. By taking proactive steps—joining policy groups, seeking fellowships, and engaging with decision-makers—JHU students and postdocs can position themselves for a meaningful career at the intersection of science and policy.